SAP基礎程序

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ABAP/4

Advanced Business Application Programming (Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor) is a programming language developed by SAP for the interactive development of application programming

• ABAP is tightly integrated across most of SAP modules (like SD, MM) and transactions (like screens)
• All ABAP application, along with parts of SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, are written in the ABAP Workbench development environment using ABAP.

Tools

• Object Navigator (SE80)

  • A central point of entry into the ABAP Workbench
  • Organize your programming in an integrated development environment

• ABAP Dictionary (SE11)

  • Describes and manages all the data definitions used in the system centrally

• ABAP Editor (SE38)

  • Create and edit your programs and their components

• Function Builder (SE37)

  • Allows you to create, test, and administer function modules in an integrated environment (Procedural)

• Class Builder (SE24)

  • allows you to create, define, change and test global ABAP classes and interfaces (Object-Oriented)
• 表格查看（SE16）

Creating ABAP program

• Customized Reports must start with Y or Z
• Do not use any special characters except underscore (_)

ABAP基礎

• Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period (.)

• The first word of a statement which determines the use of the entire statement

  • Declarative keywords: Types, Data, Tables

  • Modularization keywords:

    • Event Keyword:

    • Defining Keyword:

      • FORM...ENDFORM,
      • FUNCTION...ENDFUNCTION
      • MODULE...ENDMODULE

  • Control Keywords

    • IF
    • WHILE
    • DO
    • FOR
    • CASE

  • Operational Keywords

    • Write
    • MOVE
    • Add

Comments

• *
• "

Data Declearation

Statement:

* Syntax
DATA  var(length)  [TYPE type | LIKE  Table-Field] LENGTH [length]
    [Decimals number] [VALUE  initial value].

* eg
DATA I(12) Type I Value 5.

Predifined Types

Local Data Type

Example:

TYPES fnumber TYPE I.
DATA flightANum TYPE fnumber.

* The type is a record of table ZZZ_SBOOK01
DATA: I_sbook01 TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01. 

* '-' connect the tablename and field, to declear type.
PARAMETERS: Sbookid TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-BOOKID,
            Sfldate TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-FLDATE,
            Sflid TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-FLID,
            Scustid TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-CUSTID,
            Sflclas TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-FLCLASS,
            Slgweig TYPE ZZZ_SBOOK01-LUGGWEIGHT.

WRITE Position

Write 'Hello'.                                  " Line 1
Write 8 'World'                                 " Line 1
Write /(5) 'xyz'.                               " Line 2
Write 'abc'.                                    " Line 2
Data num1 Type p Decimals 1 VALUE '-1234.5'.
Write /(8) num1.                                " Line 3
Data time1 Type T.
Write / time1.                                  " Line 4
Write / time1 no-zero.                          " Line 5
Write / SY-DATUM.                               " Line 6
Write / SY-DATUM yymmdd.                        " Line 7
Write /(10) 'xyz' Centered.                     " Line 8
Write /(10) 'xyz' Right-Justieied.              " Line 9
Write / 'def' under 'xyz'.                      " Line 10
Data num2 Type p Decimals 3 Value '3.141'
Write / num2 Decimals 1.                        " Line 11

• 打印的字符串前面的數字：括號是佔位，無括號是直接由第幾位開始
• 數字的符號永遠在最後面

• Write Options

  • No-Zero
  • No-Sign
  • Centered
  • Right-justified, Left-justified
  • No-gap
  • Under
  • Decimals
• SKIP 創建新行

Common System Fields

• SY-DATUM 系統日期
• SY-UZEIT 系統時間
• SY-UNAME User Name
• SY-SUBRC 返回值

Arithmetic Operations

符號

Keyword

Bool

String Bool

Loop

DO

DO 3 Times.
    WRITE /(2) SY-INDEX. "SY-INDEX是循環的次數
    WRITE 'Hello'.
ENDDO.

CONTINUE Statement

跳過循環中接下來的代碼，進入下一個循環

DATA rem TYPE i.
DO 20 TIMES.
  rem = SY-INDEX MOD 5.
  IF rem EQ 0.
    CONTINUE.
  ENDIF.
  WRITE (2) SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
* 當數值為5的倍數，取模後為0,則跳過WRITE

Output

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19

Check Statement

檢查條件，不符合則進入下一個循環而不執行下面代碼

DATA rem TYPE i.
DO 20 TIMES.
  rem = SY-INDEX MOD 5.
  CHECK rem EQ 0.
  WRITE (2) SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
* 當數值為5的倍數，取模後為0,則才能執行下面的WRITE

Output

5 10 15 20

EXIT

終止循環

DATA rem TYPE i.
DO 20 TIMES.
  rem = SY-INDEX MOD 5.
  IF rem EQ 0.
    EXIT.
  ENDIF.
  WRITE (2) SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.

Output

1 2 3 4

WHILE

DATA cnt TYPE i VALUE 3.
WHILE cnt >= 1.
  WRITE /(2) SY-INDEX.
  WRITE 'Hello'.
  cnt = cnt - 1.
ENDWHILE.

IF

DATA mark TYPE i VALUE 50.
IF mark <= 40.
  WRITE 'F'.
ELSEIF mark <= 60.
  WRITE 'B'.
ELSE.
  WRITE 'A'.
ENDIF.

CASE

DATA grade TYPE c VALUE 'A'.
CASE grade.
  WHEN 'A'.
    WRITE 'Excellent'.
  WHEN 'B'.
    WRITE 'Good'.
  WHEN OTHERS.
    WRITE 'Bad'.
ENDCASE.